Louis Armstrong Essay -- essays research papers fc

Louis Armstrongs Influential Career Louis Armstrongs Influential Career Louis Armstrong was the most successful and talented chicane musician in history. His influence and expansive career continues to make waves in the jazz world. That is what made him become what he is to many today a legend. natural on August 4, 1901, in the poorest section of wise Orleans, Armstrong grew up with his grandparents delinquent to his parents separation. On January 1, 1913 he made a mistake which turned out to be the best thing that ever happened to him. At a New Years celebration in downtown New Orleans, Louis Armstrong, also known as Satchmo and Satch, fired a pistol into the air and was placed in the Colored Waifs Home. It was there that he was introduced to Peter Davis the brass band leader who taught him how to play the automobile horn (Brown 17). Soon after he began playing, Armstrong was made leader of the band something he was extremely proud of. In June of 1914, Armstrong was free to leave the Waifs Home. He was hired by various cabarets throughout the city, as well as for picnics, dances, and funerals. It was at one of these places that he was spotted by the famous Joe King Oliver. King Oliver found Armstrong backup man slots at orchestras and other venues. In 1918, he was offered the vacant seat left by Oliver in the band the Brown Skinned Babies. Kid Ory, leader of the band, once said that after Louis joined them he, improved so fast it was amazing. He had a wonderful ear and a wonderful memory. All you had to do was strum or whistle a new tune to him and hed know it right away (Boujut 21). At the end of 1918 Armstrong married Daisy Parker, a tart he had met at a dance hall that he played on Saturday nights. The marriage ended only four years later due to her beating him regularly (Bergreen 87). Louis Armstrong was hired in May of 1919 to play on a riverboat that traveled the Mississippi River from New Orleans to St. Louis. Armstrong soon became very pre valent in St. Louis and was in high demand (Collier 124). Two and a half years later, he was thrown off the riverboat and fired due to a fight. later returning to New Orleans, he received a telegram from King Oliver in Chicago. It was an invitation to join The Creole know Band an offer Armstrong couldnt refuse. The Jazz Band cut its first record in the spring of 1923 and toured throughout Illinois, Ohio,... ...s he starred in which shared the same title. For the next seven-spot years of his life he was in and out of the hospital due to heart and kidney problems. On July 6th, 1971, Louis Armstrong died of a lung infection and heart complications. His last wish, that his trumpet be buried with him, was granted. Louis Armstrong influenced almost all aspects of jazz technique and style. He was the first to improvise and elaborate on a given melody. This technique has since been attempted and copied quantify and time again. Armstrong introduced a freedom to music that continues to impact popular music (Sadie 601). Without this American genius music would not be what it is today. Bibliography Works Cited Bergreen, Lawrence. Louis Armstrong An Extravagant Life. New York Broadway, 1997. Boujut, Michel. Louis Armstrong. New York Rizzoli, 1998. Brown, Sandford. Louis Armstrong. New York Watts, 1993. Collier, James Lincoln. Louis Armstrong An American Genius. New York Oxford, 1983. Crouch, Stanley. Louis Armstrong. Time 8 Aug. 1998 170. Sadie, Stanley. ed. Louis Armstrong. The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. 6th ed. Vol. 1. New York Macmillan, 1995. Word suppose 1246

Teen Pregnancy :: Teenage Mothers

Over the past few years teenage motherliness rates bring in grown substanti onlyy. More than one one million million teenagers will become pregnant this year in Canada, and the number is growing. Many socioeconomic factors influence maternalism rates, such as different races,different religions, financial status, education and family background. Another influence is the sexual education children are receiving or not receiving at school and at home. Whilethe problem of teenage pregnancy is acknowledged, solutions are coming slowly.Some parents feel that pregnancy is a result of the lack of sex education courses taught in schools, while others feel that these courses end up encouraging teenagers to become sexually active. Studies fork over been done to find out just how important sex education courses are, and what effect they have on pregnancy rates. The amount of sex education they receive is not as important a factor, according to a new study. (Fewer girls get pregnant when involved in community, E8) Toronto Sun, 1998) Other sources saySex education courses, advocated to prevent teen pregnancy but denounced as encouraged sexual interest, appear to have little or no effect on teens sexual activity. Such courses also have no noticeable effect on contraceptive use and pregnancy rates among teenagers. It was order that while students do learn about sex and contraception, they do not appear to alter their behavior. (Okie, 1996)The courses that are offered in schools have proven not to have any influence on the teenage pregnancy rates. The reason for this may be that the courses are just not being taught effectively or are targeting the wrong age groupTwo major goals of the school sex education programs are to reduce the incidence of unwarranted pregnancy as well as the rates of AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases. However, to be effective, programs must begin early. If we wait until an age when most adolescents are sexually active, we might have t o combat an acquired behavioral pattern of ineffective STD/pregnancy prevention behavior. Some statistics found that in the 1984 survey of schoolsuperintendents found that children do not all seem to know what we expect them to know.It was found that 50% of schools offered a family life education program. Whereas 87% of urban districts had a program, only 25% of rural districts had a program. Canadian school children ages 9, 12 and 15 showed a considerable lack of sexual education. Only 35% of grade 7 students knew that is was possible for a

Assimilation into Society :: essays research papers

Because of the concept of the word race, wars have been started and millions of people have been discriminated against. To me, it appears to be simply another evil in the world that we, as humans, must mussiness with and potentially overcome. Since the beginning of time, race has done nothing but give people a reason to argue, fight, and discriminate. It gives people reason to not associate with their curse word man. It causes a fear of the out-of-the-ordinary. Without commandment, race can be a barrier separating us.It takes an intelligent, genuine person to see past this nonsense. Education helps one realize the hallucination race creates. There is no such thing as a superior race. Unfortunately, many people have difficulty seeing past pictured stereotypes. It may take a person years or decades to come to terms with the fact that their skin color means about as much as their eye color. Eric Liu, an Asian-American, and Malcolm X, an African-American, take us on their journey t hrough the difficult process of accepting their individual races. Both authors have periods of confusion and disorientation about their races which causes them to change their appearance in collection to feel accepted. Ultimately, they overcome their misconceptions and learn to appreciate themselves. During his childhood, Eric Liu had difficulty coping with the fact that he was an Asian-American living in a predominantly white community. His appearance and his home life, among other things, made him feel out of place. Living in a middle-class suburb that was rule by whiteness, Liu was disoriented by his role in school and society.And so in three adjoining arenas- my looks, my loves, my manners- I suffered a bruising adolescent education In each of these realms, I came to feel I was not normal. And obtusely, I ascribed the difficulties of that age not to my age but to my color. I came to suspect that there was an order to things, an order that I, as someone Chinese, could perceive but not quite crack. (415)His confusion only grew with his age. He began blaming his race for his own inability to find a girlfriend. Complimented on being sweet, smart, and nice, he could find no other reason for the void he felt in terms of relationships (Liu 416). As a juvenile boy, he needed to find a reason to explain his shortcomings. He needed something to blame for his disappointments and setbacks.

Essay --

Over the past century and a half, the spur of Bigfoots existence has questioned many researchers and non-believers alike. all-encompassing research and findings have sparked many to seek out if there is another creature amongst our woods. Bigfoots existence is limited to substantial evidence such as sightings, footprints, and somatogenic traces. Ben Radford the author of Bigfoot at 50 Evaluating a Half-Century of Bigfoot Evidence explains effectively of the possible existence through extensive evidence and theories whether the beast actually resides among us. The theory of there being an ape like beast that walks through our wilderness all started with a 16mm learn in Bluff Creek, California by Roger Patterson and Bob Gimlin in 1967. The video displayed a tall, hairy human like figure trolling along a timber clearing walking briskly away from Patterson and Gimlin. The film ignited a craze amongst scientist and viewers to go on a conquest to prove Bigfoots existence. The 1967 fil m was never proven to be a twaddle or real evidence and still today is a toss up. Personal sightings or eyewitness accounts make up what seems to be the most many amounts of evidence thats been brought to attention. Sightings are not justifiable to whether Squatch is real no matter how many sightings are reported. The dad Bigfoot Society stores archives of Bigfoot reports across Pennsylvania for almost the past century. Locally, in Erie County, there has suspected to be several eyewitness accounts of Bigfoot encounters. People often confuse a Sasquatch with a bear or approximately other unknown animal that they may seem to not make out clearly. Eyewitness testimony is notoriously unreliable(Radford 2002). Sure some people would not believe a person ... ... tested hairs and other parts for DNA and concluded that they get together into our family tree. Those hair samples that could not be place as known animal or human were subsequently screened using DNA testing, beginnin g with sequencing of mitochondrial DNA followed by sequencing nuclear DNA to determine where these individuals fit in the tree of life (Ketchum 2013). The existence of Bigfoot isnt quite certain to be real with the numerous accounts of acclaimed sighting and physical evidence that has been laid on the table for researchers to decipher. From my standpoint, Bigfoot is a cryptozoological creature that has yet to be explained that Im not for certain about. Radford explained the facts whether the existence of Bigfoot is real or just a hoax. Its just a matter of time when and where this mythological being will proven to be a new life form amongst us.

The Evolution of Grant in Ernest J. Gaines A Lesson Before Dying Essay

After the Civil War ended, many blacks and whites, especially in the South, proceed living as if nothing had changed with regards to the oppression and poor treatment of African Americans. Narrator Grant Wiggins, of Ernest J. Gaines A Lesson Before Dying, possesses a similar attitude toward lead dealings. Through his experiences with a young man wrongly accused of murder, Grant transforms from a pessimistic, hopeless, and insensitive man into a more selfless and compassionate gracious being who can see the possibility of change in relations between whites and blacks. Grant Wiggins, one of the few black men of the time to become a college education, lives with his aunt on a plantation just outside Bayonne, Louisiana in 1948, and teaches at the all-black school held at the all-black plantation church. Considering the poor relations between blacks and whites at the time in which the story is set, it comes as no surprise that Grant sees tension frequently in his community not exce pt through the ways in which persons of various races treat one another, but also in the justice, or lack thereof, served in court cases. The white government activity accuse Jefferson, an innocent student Grant taught a few years prior, of first-degree murder. During the trial, Jeffersons state-appointed defense lawyer pleads for the jury to have sympathy on Jefferson as he is a hog and does not possess the intelligence to commit the crimes of which he is accused. Because the whites dominate the society, the court finds Jefferson guilty as charged and the judge sentences him to death by electrocution. Upon hearing the verdict, Miss Emma, Jeffersons aunt, resolves to persuade Grant to teach Jefferson that he is, in fact, a man not a hog and to get him to wal... ...statements as legality reveals Grants transformation into a selfless, compassionate, and optimistic man. Grant realizes he has made mistakes and does not commit to be esteemed higher than he believes he deserves. Pau l expresses his desire to befriend Grant, thus breaking the barriers of race and reaching out to Grant. Grant returns to his classroom, crying, a changed man.Work CitedGaines, Ernest J. A Lesson before Dying. New York Vintage, 1993.Works ConsultedFolks, Jeffrey. Communal function in Ernest J. Gainess A Lesson Before Dying. Mississippi Quarterly 52.2 (1999) 253Piacentino, Ed. The Common humanity that is in us all Toward Racial Reconciliation in Gainess A Lesson Before Dying. Southern Quarterly 42.3 (2004) 71Vancil, David. Redemption According to Ernest Gaines, African American Review, 28 (Fall 1994), 490.

The Evolution of Grant in Ernest J. Gaines A Lesson Before Dying Essay

After the Civil War ended, many blacks and whites, especially in the S come forwardh, continued living as if nothing had changed with regards to the oppression and poor sermon of African Americans. Narrator Grant Wiggins, of Ernest J. Gaines A Lesson Before Dying, possesses a similar attitude toward race relations. Through his experiences with a young man wrongly criminate of murder, Grant transforms from a pessimistic, hopeless, and insensitive man into a more selfless and compassionate human being who can see the possibility of change in relations between whites and blacks. Grant Wiggins, sensation of the some black men of the time to have a college education, lives with his aunt on a plantation mediocre outside Bayonne, Louisiana in 1948, and teaches at the all-black school held at the all-black plantation church. Considering the poor relations between blacks and whites at the time in which the story is set, it comes as no surprise that Grant sees tension frequently in his co mmunity not only through the ways in which persons of various races treat one another, but also in the justice, or lack thereof, served in court cases. The white authorities accuse Jefferson, an innocent student Grant taught a few years prior, of first-degree murder. During the trial, Jeffersons state-appointed defense lawyer pleads for the jury to have sympathy on Jefferson as he is a hog and does not possess the intelligence to file the crimes of which he is accused. Because the whites dominate the society, the court finds Jefferson guilty as charged and the judge sentences him to death by electrocution. Upon hearing the verdict, Miss Emma, Jeffersons aunt, resolves to persuade Grant to teach Jefferson that he is, in fact, a man not a hog and to get him to wal... ...statements as truth reveals Grants transformation into a selfless, compassionate, and optimistic man. Grant realizes he has do mistakes and does not desire to be esteemed higher than he believes he deserves. Paul expresses his desire to befriend Grant, thus breaking the barriers of race and reaching out to Grant. Grant returns to his classroom, crying, a changed man.Work CitedGaines, Ernest J. A Lesson before Dying. New York Vintage, 1993.Works ConsultedFolks, Jeffrey. Communal responsibility in Ernest J. Gainess A Lesson Before Dying. Mississippi quarterly 52.2 (1999) 253Piacentino, Ed. The Common humanity that is in us all Toward Racial Reconciliation in Gainess A Lesson Before Dying. Southern Quarterly 42.3 (2004) 71Vancil, David. redemption According to Ernest Gaines, African American Review, 28 (Fall 1994), 490.

Love in the Time of Cholera

How does invigorated, passion in the Time of Cholera define Love and Marriage?The novel Love in the Time of Cholera, basically defines do as a curse or sickness quite a than simply a feeling. This best exemplified by Florentino Arizam one of the main characters in the novel, as he is seemingly cursed with an obsession for his cut, Fermina Daza.Generally, throughout the entire story, it was depicted that Florentino loved Fermina so much that it just about drove him insane. It basically began when Florentino and Fermina were motionless young. Everyday Florentino would watch Fermina as she walks to her school. When Florentino was able to must(prenominal)er enough courage to approach Fermina, he did so very sharp as he insisted that she asked permission from her pose in order for him to be able to court her.Even though Fermina showed no interest in him, Florentino still persisted and even went as far as saying that his need for her and his desire to be with her was a matter of action and death. This basically shows that from the start, Florentino was already determined to ascertain Fermina.In addition to that, Florentinos obsession for Fermina could be not hindered by Lorenzo Daza, the latters father who forbade his daughter from marrying him. Even when Lorenzo took Fermina onward on a journey, Florentino still found a way to secretly send telegrams to her, which basically stresses the fact that his feelings towards her were more of an obsession.However, although Florentinos expressions of his unfaltering love for Fermina cig arette be ab initio viewed as admirable acts, it also showed the damages that love can do to a per tidings. Basically, Florentinos obsession towards Fermina can be likened to a disease called cholera, which was sh birth as an epidemic in the story in the story.Basically, like cholera, Florentino is lovesick as he resorts to doing unusual things just to satisfy his desire for Fermina. In addition, when the two were away from each different, Florentino ate grass and drank cologne simply because he wanted to be familiar with her scent.Moreover, when he was away from Fermina, Florenino would engage in intimate relation with several women just to satisfy his need for her. Although he promised to himself that he would reserve his virginity solely to Fermina, he was forced to break that vow because he felt that resorting to sexual intercourse would somehow alleviate the pain of being unable to be with her. In addition, as he was having sex with Rosalba, he was also thinking of his rack love for Fermina which shows that sexual intercourse was a temporary antidote for his incurable sickness or obsession.In other words, although in the modern world, love is loosely perceived as a positive feeling, in the story it was depicted as both a physical and mental illness which is why it can be closely likened to cholera, which is a disease characterized by severe dehydration and vomiting. Florentino was so obsessed with F ermina that he was no acheer able to function usually without thinking of her first. In addition, this also showed that his love for her not only physically ill that also mentally disturbed.Furthemore, in the story, labor union was perceived as something that can be simply forced on someone instead of something that is governed by freedom of choice. This was basically shown when Lorenzo refused to allow her daughter, Fermina, to marry Florentino even though she had already accepted his proposal.Moreover, even though Lorenzo knew that his refusal to allow her daughter to choose whom she wants to marry was similar to the disapproval of his wifes family of their marriage, he still forced his allow on Fermina which shows that he did not learn from his past mistakes. He still allowed history to repeat itself as he forced Fermina to marry Dr. Juvenal Urbnino.Furthermore, in the novel, marriage was characterized as a means to commit infaithfulness as Dr. Urbino himself had an office with a woman named Barbara Lynch. In addition, it was shown throughout the story that both Dr. Urbino and Fermina were not a happy with their marriage as they would constantly argue over the simplest things such as a little bar of soap.This basically showed that since the two did not rightfully love each other, they were unable to live a happy and normal marriage. Moreover, this also supports the traditional definition of marriage which states that both the man and the woman must willingly agree in order for the bond to be successful and long lasting.In short, the novel basically defined love and marriage as mere compulsive obsessions. The novels definition of love and marriage deviates from the dogmatic and traditional definitions which basically state that the two are sacred and long lasting bonds between two people that are governed by divine laws.Basically, in the novel, love was defined as a feeling that can require a person insane to the point that it becomes similar to a di sease that cannot be simply cured which is best illustrated by Florentnos obsession for Fermina.On the other extend to, marriage was defined as a bond in which one cannot freely choose whom he or she would like to marry scarcely rather as something that can be forced on a person by anyone.Love in the Time of CholeraThe setting for the novel Love in the Time of Cholera is during the late nineteenth century to the early twentieth century in a Spanish city somewhere in South America. This is much like the authors country of origin which is Colombia. Much of Gabriel Garcia Marquez writes were shaped by his own life experiences along with his life in Columbia. Marquez collective much of Columbias cultural strife and society in his novels. The large gap between the rich and the poor, along with the injustices is a way of life in South America, and social class is always incorporated into his writings.He was born in 1928 in the small town of Aracataca and was raised by his grandparents until he was eight and his grandfather passed away. He is often quoted as saying that it was during this time that all of the most exciting things happened in his life and after this period zippo really exciting ever happened (McNerney 16). When Marquez responded to an interview that he saw stories and created them from a single image and his image of this story was, two old people dance on the deck of a boat dancing a bolero (Matuz 55 135). He was true to that image.In researching the author and the novel I noticed that some(prenominal) another(prenominal) references were made towards his grandmothers influence in his writings and especially when looking at the mystical aspect of his writings. His grandmother, Tranquilina Iquaran Cotes believed in the supernatural and it was incorporated into their effortless life, many of the tales he heard during this period find their way into his fiction, it is the matter of fact tone with which his grandmother said the most outrageous th ings that characterized his work (McNerney 7). some(prenominal) of his female characters mirrored his grandmothers attitude and whimsys. Female characters were fundamental in his writings, just as they were to him in reality.Women were strong, but knew their place. With Fermina Daza her duties were to her husband up until his death. When an core happened to a character it was usually on a grand scale, such as the love Ariza has for Daza, this was said to mirror Marquezs life he would say, Everything that happened to me in the street had an enormous resonance in the house. The women in the kitchen would tell the stories to the strangers arriving on the train, who in turn brought other stories to be told (McNerney 24).Marquez said his first contact with the compose word was when he was five by way of his grandfather. And it was on a trip as an adult to his grandparents home that gave him the inspiration to be a writer. His use of symbolism was probably because of his grandmother a nd is blended with all of his writings. The novel Love in the Time of Cholera, revolves around a strange love triangle between a husband and his wife who through the course of fifty years showed how another man loved the woman enough to have a bun in the oven until her present husband would die then he could replace him having the woman for himself.As the story unfolds Fermina Daza, the female character and wife of Urbinos the doctor, only conjoin him for security but after awhile began a love for him. The man who had loved her all during this time, Florentino Ariza, believed his love was beyond this realm, spiritual making it indestructible and forever. Florentino believed that love constituted his entire reason for being. With Marquezs writing of Florentino he linked love and patronageing very well. Marquezs grandmother would say, Take advantage and suffer all you can instanter that your young things like this wont last your whole life (McNerney 89).The reflection of Florentin os mother underestimation of her sons ability to love was probably the same with Marquezs grandmother. When asked what was the creation of Love in the Time of Cholera Marquez replied that it came from two sources the first was the love affair between his parents, which he compares to his parents and the other was a story he had read about the death of two Americans who for forty years had meet in Acapulco, but on their last trip they had taken a boat ride and was killed by the boatman and robbed. It was because of their deaths and how their romance was found out that intrigued him (Matuz 55 134).The novel begins with de Saint-Amours suicide and Urbino is called as a doctor to come to investigate. Saint-Amour has taken cyanide because of his getting older and his belief that his mistress doesnt really love him Urbino believes the portion of unrequited love (3). His getting older was truly the core of his own suicide. Urbino is saddened by his friends suicide and reflects on his own aging self.This eccentric ends with Urbinos death. Then the story really begins to unfold with Florentino, who loves Urbinos wife and has been waiting for her for exactly fifty-one years, nine months, and four days can now re-profess his love to her. After the funeral Florentino tells Fermina how he feels, he tells her of his vow of eternal fidelity and everlasting love (50). She becomes angry at Florentino and tells him to leave her house forever because of blaspheming her husbands memory by just saying that. But strangely she dreams that night are of Florentino, a love she passed on so many years ago.The middle of the novel tells a tale of love between Fermina and Florentino, but also chronicles Ferminas long marriage to Urbino. Fermina and Florentino were forced apart by Ferminas father and how they kept in contact, by telegraph, was the same as Garcia Marquezs parents. In reading this part of the book I found that his faithfulness is moving. Once during the years apart he hap pened to see Ferminas reflection in a restaurant mirror, and he had to buy it from the owner and persuaded him to sell it so he can take it home, this was a good representation of the mystical realism the book had.He believed that her reflection was captured in the mirror and having the mirror gave him a sense of having her. By the time they are able to be together because of Urbinos death Ariza is seventy-six and Daza is seventy-one. He was not an attractive man but he also was not faithful to his love on this earthly plane, but was only faithful on the spiritual plane. Florentinos drive for writing, which mirrors the authors, has him writing of his hundreds of sexual encounters. He estimated it at 622 encounters that were of a long term status. He had written them in twenty-five notebooks that he gave the title of Women.Florentino has a romantic belief in love and would do anything even total devotion to his love. He loves writing love letters and that is how he won the love of Fe rmina when they were young. It took almost two years to further Ferminas middle back again. Florentino persuades Fermina to take a cruise with him up the Magdalena River on a boat that was named New Fidelity.Their love grew and in the end they consummated their love on this cruise. How Marquez describes their aging bodies as time that had passed between them is kind of sad. On the first night of the trip Fermina finally allowed Florentino to touch her hand they realized how different than when they first touched, but soon realized how really it was the same, the hands made of old bones were not the hands they had imagined forrader touching. In the next moment, however, they were (329). Their love making was too hurried at first and not as satisfying as they would have hoped by still they are satisfied with the simple joy of being together (341).The title of the novel is because of the many aspects the novel has. Urbino first met Fermina because she became ill during a cholera ep idemic. Ferminas father thought that possibly she had cholera, but she just had the stomach flu instead. In another part of the novel Florentino becomes ill and believes his symptoms mean he has cholera, but his was because of his crucifixion because of his love. He had two episodes like this one when he was a young fellow and another when Fermina allowed him back into her house after banishing him a year before when her husband had died.At the end of the novel Florentino also has the boat captain fly a cholera flag to have privacy. It works because of the bodies in the river could be victims of another cholera epidemic. But they have problems when they cant dock because of the flag and Florentino vows to protect her with his love and under the cholera flag forever. When Gabriel Garcia Marquez was interviewed by Marlise Simons he was asked what intrigued him about plagues he replied, They make people want to live more. Its that almost metaphysical dimension that interests me (Matuz 55 134).The novel is very building complex and should not be interpreted literally. It allows the characters Florentino and Fermina to claim their age but to still explore life with vigor. Author S.M.J. Minta wrote, It is a novel about commitment and fidelity under circumstances which seem to render such virtues, absurd, about refusal to grow old gracefully and respectably, about the triumph sentiment can still win over reason, and above al, perhaps, about Latin America, about keeping faith with where, for better or worse, you started from. (Matuz 55 143). Marquezs writing of love is truly heart felt and inspiring.His love and imagination for writing is clear in this novel. The mystical realism in his novels flows so easily because it flows so easily in his own life. Galen Strawson wrote, Garcia Marquezs insight into human turpitude and pettiness is inseparable from and amusement and forgiveness, and from intense affections (Matuz 55 144). This is a good description of what the nov el was all about.whole kit and boodle CitedBell-Villada, Gene H. Garcia Marquez The Man and His Works. Chapel Hill University of North Carolina Press. 1990Jones, Anne H. Literature and Medicine Garcia Marquez Love in the Time of Cholera. Lancet October 18, 1997 v. 350 Issues 9085Marquez, Gabriel G. Love in the Time of Cholera. Boston, Mass. G.K. Hall. 1989Matuz, Roger (Ed.) & Gills, Mary K. Contemporary Literary Criticism. Detroit Gale Research Co. 1988 v. 55McNerney, Kathleen. Understanding Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Columbia, S.C. University of South Carolina Press. 1998.

Case Study Tacoma Narrows Bridge Essay

In what ways were the project planning and scope management for this project appropriate and when did they dismount taking unknowing or unnecessary risks? Discuss the issue of project constraints and other unique aspects of the bridge in the risk management process. Did the project managers lot them sufficiently into love? Why or why not? At the time of this project there was not much know about the dynamical factors about as Suspensions Bridge so the management and planning for this project was appropriate. It had always been taken for granted in bridge building that static (vertical) appoint and mass of large structures were enough to protect them. The Planners took unknowing risks when the open girders in the bridges sides were substituted with flat, solid girders that would catch the wind and make the bridge extend from side to side.One distinguishing feature that led to its sway to destruction was the bridges small width-to-length ratio the bridge was incredibly narrow for its length also its topographic location made it very prone to high winds. These risks were never taken into consideration at the time. Project managers did not take them sufficiently into consideration since at the time was not much known about the dynamic factors. Conduct either a qualitative or quantitative risk opinion on this project. Identify the risk factors that you consider most authoritative for the suspension bridge construction. How would you consider assess the riskiness of this project? Why? The most important risk factors are the width-to-length ratio of the bridge, the bridges side girders replaced with flat, solid girders, which did not allow the wind to pass through the bridge, and the location of the bridge.

Local and National Provision for Netball Essay

IntroductionThe aim of this essay is to find out what provisions there argon for netball in my local anaesthetic and the national areas, and whether or not there are any funding and coaching schemes for any level of netball from grassroots to elite level.Grassroots levelNetball is ready(prenominal) for all children to play at primary school level through to GCSE, girls and boys included. at that place are two main small-sided games aimed primarily at 7-11 year olds, for determination in schools, clubs and holiday play schemes to provide fun, fitness and challenge for players of all abilities.First step Netball has been designed mainly for children aged 7-9 year olds (Years 3 & 4). It is a version of 4-a-side netball that was launched in 1993, it has been adapted to suit the younger player giving them more freedom on the court and more time (5 seconds) to make a decision before throwing the ball but in a third of the court. A size 4 netball is used and an 8ft post.High five netba ll is the next coiffe for children aged 9-11 ( years 5 & 6). This is a modified game that provides the best foundation for young people to develop the physical, social and tactical skills it also develops the knowledge and thought of the game. There are 5 players on a full sized netball court, the separates team members that are not on the court take up roles of timekeeper, score, umpire, and join pass marker. A size 4 netball is used and they have 4 seconds to pass the ball and a 9ft netball post is used. This is the only game where England Netball provides resources and support for boys and girls compete in primary schools. A High fives Netball tourna custodyt will feature in this years Partnership Youth Games for boys and girls in school years 5&6.Provision for elite performersFor gifted players there is a pathway to play for the national team but it takes a great time to stand low there. There are county squads from U14s to the open selection. A player is only fully rec ognised when they are selected to represent the County at under 16 levels. There are talent camps for athletes who show potential but these are normally for athletes under the age of 16, to become a talent camp athlete, you need are nominated by your County coaches. Athletes who successfully demonstrate all of the basic physical, technical, tactical and mental skills required for peak performance, and who can apply these in a competitory situation, are considered candidates to progress into the national talent squads, they tend to stay here for 2-4 years and only 50% of those move to the development squad.After spending other 2-4 years in the development squad and only some of the athletes demonstrating a very high degree of personal responsibility for individual and team results bear away to make it into the national squad where they can spend up to 10 years depending on their quality of play. Figure 1 (below) shows that rather than an age tie in development framework, the All England Netball Association operates a national squad structure, which you work up depending on the quality of your play.There are a large lean of leagues to play in around the country for those who dont make County teams there are the Millennium youth games. This is part of Sport Englands green light to promote active sport. Regional tournaments are held every year. In Stafford there are two netball leagues the Friday night league and the Stafford and district YLC netball league that takes part on Tuesdays and Wednesdays. The Friday night league is a casual league where you register your team and then play, you dont wear uniforms and anybody can play including lads so long as the other team is ok with lads, also the umpires dont have to have any qualifications to umpire. However, the YLC netball league is official with only qualified umpires and uniforms essential be worn, only those registered as team players can compete.Provision for male competitorsThe England netball and IFN A have declared that only single sex competitions are permitted, however England Netball stated that any netball activities up to GCSE level (aged 16) must allow girls and boys to participate together. It is unacceptable to exclude either boys or girls under12 from any competitive or non-competitive netball activity.There are now some netball leagues that are either specifically for men or those which are for mixed teams. It is known that mens netball teams play regularly in the air jacket Indies, Canada, New Zealand, England and Australia. Flava is committed to the development of mens netball and encourages boys to play netball as well as being represented in mixed netball competitions. full is another club that aims to provide an opportunity for men to play netball either as part of a mixed team or a mens team, the club took part in several mixed tournaments in the summer of 2002 with some success. They are based in Macclesfield in the North West of England but players come from all over the UK to be part of the club.It was decided, by the Council, that a Mens World Netball Championship should be held under the complaint of IFNA, within the next five years at a time and place to be decided by Members Council.Provision for handicapped competitorsEngland Netball is committed to providing and promoting embody opportunities in Netball and its first fully co-ordinated National Disability Development Plan was launched in 1996. The plan now looks at the issues of accessibility for disabled people, to the Netball court, and also opportunities and courses for coaches, umpires, other officials and administrators. It focuses on awareness training for coaches, umpires and volunteers, to ensure that people with disabilities may enjoy the highest quality experiences through the game of Netball.A version of 7-a-side netball has been formed for those in wheelchairs (but with adaptations to 4 and 5-a-side), although obviously the rules have been modified covering travell ing and playing the ball. This summer the National Netball Championships for People with Learning disabilities are holding a tournament run by England netball and the English Sports Association. There will be two age categories for those U17 and those over, the aim of this event is to encourage more people to play who struggle from disabilities.regrettably there doesnt seem to be any local provisions for disabled netball they all seem to be on a national scheme. closing curtainI think that on a national level there are provisions being made for everyone to participate in netball, however, there is public treasury not that much for the males or disabled participants. In the more local area there are leagues for females but this is still leaving out the disabled and the male netball players. The way that netball is at the moment means that the way to the top is only for talented female teenagers who can progress through the county level to talent squads and up to the top.Bibliography www.netball.orgwww.england-netball.co.ukwww.isport.com.auwww.flavanetball.co.ukwww.sasactivesports.co.ukwww.bwsf.org.uk

Structural Adjustment Programme and the Nigerian Economy

HIS predecessor and father James had already ran the country monetary assets down. Charles got into power with no money and a high taste for lavish things. In 1640 Charles indigenceed to go to war and he demanded that parliament should give him the money, when they refused he became furious and wanted to dissolve them. The issues kept piling up and tension grew amid Charles and the parliament. It eventually got to the point where Charles dissolved the parliament because of their refusal to release money to him, and he ruled without them for 1 1 years.After those years a Scottish group called The Covenanter time-tested to obtrude England, as a result Charles put the parliament together again, with the sole alma of raising funds to stop the group. To his disappointment the parliament refused to help him and he dissolved them yet again. He finally had to pay the Scottish people 850 Euros everyday to prevent them from moving forward, he eventually ran out of money in 1641 and was forc ed to call back parliament. Charles lack of money and his peoples revolution against him. Another factor to consider is that of religion.The face people did not like or want to be ruled by Catholics. Charles went ahead to marry a French Catholic lady, this caused a lot of anger and unrest amongst the people not unless that but it gave the people yet another reason to despise Charles. After dissolving parliament he made Laud the Archbishop, Laud went ahead to imprint a lot of changes in the church like making the priests wear robes, putting up stained-glass windows and building statues within and outside the church this changes made the English people remember Catholicism whish they despised so dearly.

The World is Flat †Thomas Friedman

1. Do you agree or disagree with Friedmans assessment that the world is flat? Be sure to unblock your answer I agree with Friedman that technology has made the world flat. But there is another point of view disagree with Friedman stating that there are inactive many people that do not have access to technology and for them the world is still round.2. What are the potential impacts of a flat world for a pupil performing a phone line search? In a flat world it is far more difficult to get a job because competition will be increasing at an incredible rate. There are currently 1 billion people online in 2006. It is anticipated that 4 billion people will be online by 2010. As the next 3 billion people come online in the next 4 age competition is going to dramatically increase. But the truth is that Students do-nothing now perform a global job search right from their apartment. A student in Chicago can accept a job in Tokyo and never leave the apartment, even when the job starts.3. W hat can students do to condition themselves for competing in a flat world? Businesses operate using technology and understanding how business and technology relate will help them achieve success. They can use it as advantage in their completion. And they will gain more skills and learn new ideas4. Identify a current flattener not mentioned on Friedmans list Videophones and collaboration tools allowing people to meet face-to-face even when they are in different parts of the world Technologies such as Voice-over-IP that offer a cheap alternative to traditional long-distance carriers

7c’s of Written Communication

7 Cs off effective colloquy (with respect to create verbally communication) indite communicationoccupies an important position in the communication sphere, so written communication has to pay adequate attention on certain principles of necessity. The essentials of every written communication are principles of unity, coherence and emphasis. These principles along with other essentials of effective communication, like language, planning and organization make the written communication effective. ClarityThe paper should be correctly planned and expressed in a logical way,and the writer should make sure that the beliefs flow smoothly from beginning to end. The kernel must(prenominal) be so turn over that even the dullest man in the world should readily understand it. The communicator must be very clear about all the aspects of the idea in his mind and about the purpose for which it is to be communicated. Next to it, he must be clear about the selection, suitability and usage of t he medium. The signals of the encoded message must be carefully composed of and transmitted well.Clarity of written language is the first and foremost emphasis one should seek in writing. So clarity of language is a form of courtesy. Clarity, therefore, apprize be achieved in writing by taking pains by writing to serve the purpose rather than to chance upon readers. Understanding the written report bring about clarity in the writing. Dont jump about from one part of the writing to another and consequently back to the first aspect. This is confusing for you and the reader. Deal with each aspect separately and clearly.Clear description brings about the script alive, takes readers to where you have been and evokes atmosphere. It can bring flavor in the most arid and dry news story and make the difference between a report that satisfies and one that does not. * CompletenessIt is an essential factor for effective communication. A message must be organized appropriately in the sense that it must include all the important ideals and its details. The contents of the message must be checked in order to verify that there is no omission of the relevant details.An incomplete message can do little to convey the randomness and to persuade the liquidator. All the aspects of the message must be grouped and brought together in logical sequence to prepare meaningful thought units. The communicator effort can be more fruitful and effective if the receiver easily reacts to the senders message. The incomplete messages may create doubts in the receivers mind. The receiver of the incomplete message feels angry, confused and irritated by it. Effective writing communication implies a condition of being complete and clear.The principles of unity or completeness hire at three levels one, the individual declares must be unified. Two, individual paragraphs must be unified and three the totality of the script must be unified. The first principle states that each simple sentence mu st contain a single idea clearly expressed. All sentences relating to a particular outlet bring in a unified individual paragraph. Each paragraph in a section forms a unit of thought. All units of thoughts structurally constitute the message of stallion communication or a unified message.Each unified individual sentence conveys only one central idea. It must be direct, simple, brief, clear and vigorous. Too much use of buts, ands, pomposity and technical jargon must be voided. Prompt and adequate attention of the reader is the essence of purposeful communication. Completeness in writing is achieved done orderly arrangement of ideas flowing into other ideas and progressing into conclusion. An incomplete writing leads to side tracking, misunderstanding, seeking clarifications and explanation and so forth thus, the writer must consider the receivers capabilities to understand. CoherenceCoherency is equally essential for good written communication. Clear communication in simple se ntences helps the reader to understand. Facts and figures must be stated merely and in an intelligent manner. Relation and clarity are the two important aspects of coherence. Coherence means, tying together of several ideas, under one main egress in any paragraph. Smooth flow, lucidity and transition aspects should be given effect to and there should not be any scope for the reader to misinterpret, mis-read or mis- spell the message.Coherence is given to a larger paragraph or section of a message and leads to purposeful communication where the writer is well received, read, understood and acted upon by the reader. * ConcisenessConciseness is an important factor in effective communication. It means saying all that needs to be said and no more. The aimless verbiage, unneeded details and heavy paragraphs make our communication ridiculous and ineffective. We must omit those words and sentences from our message, which are not likely to bring about results.The message, which can be expr essed in fewer words, is more impressive and effective than the same message expressed in a number of words. The communicator must organize his message in such a way that every word in it is meaningful and of interest to the receiver. Even a single word or a sentence, which does not contribute to accomplish the purpose of the communication, should be carefully omitted. Conciseness refers to thoughts expressed in the fewest words consistent with writing. It is achieved in writing in definite style and use of precise words.Unnecessary superlatives, exaggeration and indirect beginning should be avoided. Care should be taken to use adjectives judiciously, avoiding irrelevant details, unnecessary contemplation and mumbling sentences. Avoid vague judgmental descriptions and be precise and clear. * CredibilityA good writing is always forceful and direct and has the power and expertness to produce a reaction or desired effect. Clarity in writing brings about believability because it ensur es that others understand the message easily and quickly. A clear and direct approach in writing makes it possible to achieve the principle of credibility in your writing.Other essentials of writing like correctness and completeness add to the strength of credibility in the writing. * CorrectnessWithout correctness, readers may refuse your write up. Communication must be correct in tone and style of expression, spelling, grammar, format, contents, statistical information stress-unstressed, etc. there should not be any inaccurate statements in the message. Efforts must be made to avoid errors in spellings, punctuations, etc. the incorrect written documents disgrace the readers confidence in the writer.In the same way, the incorrect statements and other miscellaneous errors of the speaker lower the listeners confidence in him and it may tarnish his image and reliability too. When communication receiver finds one error he suspects that there can also be other errors in the message. Th erefore, he starts searching for other mistakes automatically. The subject matter of communication must be correct or accurate. The manner in which the message is transmitted must be absolutely correct. Accuracy in writing can be achieved by careful checking and editing.Correctness demands accurate figures, because decisions may go wrong if wrong figures are given. Over writings, erasures, strikeovers, wrong spellings, faulty grammar, poor sentence construction etc may distract the readers and lead to misunderstanding. Written communication clearly means making others to understand. Therefore, it is essential that the sender should verify the correctness of the information in the lead transmitting it to the receiver. And before accepting the information for important decision-making, the receiver should clarify his doubts regarding the accuracy and correctness of the message.ContinuityAs far as possible the writer should avoid jargon. Jargon is a language that is special to science , commerce, technology, trade and profession. In writing, the jargon should not be incorporated as this could make the writing confusing and unclear. brevity or use of fewer words brings about continuity and grace in your writing. The effect of good writing depends on its style and continuity of subject till the conclusion. If one takes care to be precise, correct and clear in writing and if the continuity is maintained throughout writing, the desired effect from the reader is achieved.

Normal distribution

Therefore, she wanted to sock to a greater extent about her course mates. Obviously it was difficult to contact all the students from her batch and know about them. So she decides to collect a ergodicly selected data from about 25-30 students. She was not sure about random collection of data. So she learnt about random number generator and used student roll numbers to select the random sample. With the help of faculty she prepargond questionnaire and collected data. From the data she nimble key for submission. It was quite nice and elaborate. However, when she comp argond it with friends, she prove crew of variation. So she decided to take information from her two friends who had also collected the similar data.Of course she has to take almost precautions while using the data from the friends. A) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) uplift the data. Draw Simple Bar Diagram to constitute specialization wise strength of students. Draw Pie diagram to represent the number of students in each o f the seam groups. effect the gender-wise frequency circumvent for the blood groups. mend graph of height Vs.. Weight of the students. Comment on the graph. Plot graph of family income Vs.. Expenditure of the student. Comment on the graph. Calculate gender-wise mean and well-worn going away of marks of tenth and 12th ensample. Comment on the basis of the results. Prepare a two way table presentation age-wise and gender-wise strength of students.Represent this data with the help of a multiple bar diagram taking age on X axis and gender-wise strength on Y axis. Also comment on the basis of this graph. Prepare a two way table showing fathers reproduction and m differents education taking education categories as Below Graduate, Graduate and Post graduate. Comment on the basis of this table. Calculate mean and standard difference of opinion of marks obtained by the students in 10th and 12th standard according to having a Job experience or not. Comment on the regard ass you obt ained. You are free to do additional digest if you feel so. K) Note Sample questionnaire is attached. However, please feel free to add few question based on your purpose.Subject Statistics & Research Methodology (103) Case No 04 Micro second Contract A caller-out receives an align for fin custom-made microchips at a price of $7,500 each. The telephoner will produce the chips one by one using a complex process which has only a 67% chance of producing a defect-free chip at each trial. After five defect- free chips are produced the process will be stopped. A speak to accountant at the company has prepared the following apostrophize report The follow of production includes a $14,800 fixed cost and a $2,XX unit variable cost. Thus if X number of chips are produced, the total cost of production would be 14,800 + 2. XX dollars. The revenue minus the cost of production will be the profit.After some analysis the finance autobus of the company says that the jeopardy may be too high and thinks the baseball club should not be accepted. 1. What dispersal will the number of chips produced, X, follow? 2. What is the anticipate rank and standard deviation of X? 3. What is the expected value and standard deviation of the profit? 4 What is the break-even X (allow fractional determine for X)? 5. What is the probability that accepting the order will result in a loss? 6. A popular measure of jeopardy in a venture is value at risk, which is the joss suffered at the 5th percentile of the return from the venture. In this problem, find an integer x such that PXx is approximately 5%. 7. For the x value found in single-valued function 6, calculate the loss, and thus the value at risk. . Express the value at risk as a percentage of the expected value of the profit. 9. What is your assessment of the risk and reward in the order? Should the company accept the order? The sales director of the company says that the guest is very likely to agree to increase the order quanti ty from five to eight chips. merely he is not sure whether the matter should be pursued with the customer. 10. If accepting an order of five itself is uncivilized, will it not be even more risky to accept an order for eight? asks the sales manager. How would 1 1 . Calculate the expected value and standard deviation of the profit for an order quantity of eight. 12.What is the value at risk for an order quantity of eight, computed in a manner similar to parts 6 and 7 above? Express the value at risk as a percentage of the expected profit. 13. Looking at the answer to parts 3,8,1 1, and 12, would you say the risk and reward have become more favorable, compared to an order quantity of five? 14. Should the company pursue the matter of increasing the order quantity to eight with the customer? * Case taken from Complete business organisation Statistics by Emir Cell &J. Countermanding, DATA Mac Grab Hill. Subject Statistics & Research Methodology (103) Case No 05 Acceptable Pins A compa ny supplies pins in bulk to a customer. The company uses an automatic lathe to produce the pins.Due to many causes- vibrations, temperature, wear and tear, and the like-the lengths of the pins made by the form are normally distributed with a mean of 1. 012 march ones and a standard deviation of 0. 018 inch. The customer will buy only those pins with lengths in the interval 1. 00 0. 2 inch. In other words, the customer wants the length to be 1. 00 inch but will accept up to 0. 02 inch deviation on either side. This 0. 02 inch is known as the tolerance. 1 . What percentage of the pins will be acceptable to the consumer? In order to improve percentage accepted, the production manager and the engineers discuss adjusting the population mean and standard deviation of the length of the pins. 2.If the lathe foundation be adjusted to have the mean of the lengths to any desired value, what should it be adjusted to? Why? 3. Suppose the mean cannot be adjusted, but the standard deviation ca n be reduced. What maximum value of the standard deviation would make 90% of the parts acceptable to the consumer? (Assume the mean to be 1. 012. ) 4. Repeat question 3, with 95% and 99% of the pins acceptable. 5. In practice, which one do you think is easier to adjust, the mean or the standard deviation? Why? The production manager then considers the costs involved. The cost of resetting the machine to adjust the population mean involves the engineers time and the cost of production time lost.The cost of reducing the population standard deviation involves, in addition to these costs, the cost of overhauling the machine and engineering the process. 6. Assume it costs $xx to decrease the standard deviation by (x 11000) inch. Find the cost of reducing the standard deviation to the values found in question 3 and 4. 7. Now assume that the mean has been adjusted to the best value found in question 2 at a cost of $80. Calculate the reduction in standard deviation necessary to have 90%, 95 %, and 99% of the parts acceptable. Calculate the several(prenominal) costs, as in questions. 8. Based on your answers to questions 6 and 7, what are your recommended mean and standard deviation?Normal distributionTherefore, she wanted to know more about her course mates. Obviously it was difficult to contact all the students from her batch and know about them. So she decides to collect a randomly selected data from about 25-30 students. She was not sure about random collection of data. So she learnt about random number generator and used student roll numbers to select the random sample. With the help of faculty she prepared questionnaire and collected data. From the data she prepared report for submission. It was quite nice and elaborate. However, when she compared it with friends, she found lot of variation. So she decided to take information from her two friends who had also collected the similar data.Of course she has to take some precautions while using the data from the frien ds. A) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) Collect the data. Draw Simple Bar Diagram to represent specialization wise strength of students. Draw Pie diagram to represent the number of students in each of the blood groups. Prepare the gender-wise frequency table for the blood groups. Plot graph of height Vs.. Weight of the students. Comment on the graph. Plot graph of family income Vs.. Expenditure of the student. Comment on the graph. Calculate gender-wise mean and standard deviation of marks of 10th and 12th standard. Comment on the basis of the results. Prepare a two way table showing age-wise and gender-wise strength of students.Represent this data with the help of a multiple bar diagram taking age on X axis and gender-wise strength on Y axis. Also comment on the basis of this graph. Prepare a two way table showing fathers education and mothers education taking education categories as Below Graduate, Graduate and Post graduate. Comment on the basis of this table. Calculate mean and standard dev iation of marks obtained by the students in 10th and 12th standard according to having a Job experience or not. Comment on the values you obtained. You are free to do additional analysis if you feel so. K) Note Sample questionnaire is attached. However, please feel free to add few question based on your purpose.Subject Statistics & Research Methodology (103) Case No 04 Microchip Contract A company receives an order for five custom-made microchips at a price of $7,500 each. The company will produce the chips one by one using a complex process which has only a 67% chance of producing a defect-free chip at each trial. After five defect- free chips are produced the process will be stopped. A cost accountant at the company has prepared the following cost report The cost of production includes a $14,800 fixed cost and a $2,XX unit variable cost. Thus if X number of chips are produced, the total cost of production would be 14,800 + 2. XX dollars. The revenue minus the cost of production wi ll be the profit.After some analysis the finance manager of the company says that the risk may be too high and thinks the order should not be accepted. 1. What distribution will the number of chips produced, X, follow? 2. What is the expected value and standard deviation of X? 3. What is the expected value and standard deviation of the profit? 4 What is the break-even X (allow fractional values for X)? 5. What is the probability that accepting the order will result in a loss? 6. A popular measure of risk in a venture is value at risk, which is the joss suffered at the 5th percentile of the return from the venture. In this problem, find an integer x such that PXx is approximately 5%. 7. For the x value found in part 6, calculate the loss, and thus the value at risk. . Express the value at risk as a percentage of the expected value of the profit. 9. What is your assessment of the risk and reward in the order? Should the company accept the order? The sales manager of the company says t hat the customer is very likely to agree to increase the order quantity from five to eight chips. But he is not sure whether the matter should be pursued with the customer. 10. If accepting an order of five itself is risky, will it not be even more risky to accept an order for eight? asks the sales manager. How would 1 1 . Calculate the expected value and standard deviation of the profit for an order quantity of eight. 12.What is the value at risk for an order quantity of eight, computed in a manner similar to parts 6 and 7 above? Express the value at risk as a percentage of the expected profit. 13. Looking at the answer to parts 3,8,1 1, and 12, would you say the risk and reward have become more favorable, compared to an order quantity of five? 14. Should the company pursue the matter of increasing the order quantity to eight with the customer? * Case taken from Complete Business Statistics by Emir Cell &J. Countermanding, DATA Mac Grab Hill. Subject Statistics & Research Methodol ogy (103) Case No 05 Acceptable Pins A company supplies pins in bulk to a customer. The company uses an automatic lathe to produce the pins.Due to many causes- vibrations, temperature, wear and tear, and the like-the lengths of the pins made by the machine are normally distributed with a mean of 1. 012 inches and a standard deviation of 0. 018 inch. The customer will buy only those pins with lengths in the interval 1. 00 0. 2 inch. In other words, the customer wants the length to be 1. 00 inch but will accept up to 0. 02 inch deviation on either side. This 0. 02 inch is known as the tolerance. 1 . What percentage of the pins will be acceptable to the consumer? In order to improve percentage accepted, the production manager and the engineers discuss adjusting the population mean and standard deviation of the length of the pins. 2.If the lathe can be adjusted to have the mean of the lengths to any desired value, what should it be adjusted to? Why? 3. Suppose the mean cannot be adjust ed, but the standard deviation can be reduced. What maximum value of the standard deviation would make 90% of the parts acceptable to the consumer? (Assume the mean to be 1. 012. ) 4. Repeat question 3, with 95% and 99% of the pins acceptable. 5. In practice, which one do you think is easier to adjust, the mean or the standard deviation? Why? The production manager then considers the costs involved. The cost of resetting the machine to adjust the population mean involves the engineers time and the cost of production time lost.The cost of reducing the population standard deviation involves, in addition to these costs, the cost of overhauling the machine and engineering the process. 6. Assume it costs $xx to decrease the standard deviation by (x 11000) inch. Find the cost of reducing the standard deviation to the values found in question 3 and 4. 7. Now assume that the mean has been adjusted to the best value found in question 2 at a cost of $80. Calculate the reduction in standard de viation necessary to have 90%, 95%, and 99% of the parts acceptable. Calculate the respective costs, as in questions. 8. Based on your answers to questions 6 and 7, what are your recommended mean and standard deviation?

French and Indian War Essay

Many people came to the colonies looking for immunity to practice their beliefs unhindered, start a new life, or make economic gain. Both England and Great Britain treasured the land in the new world so they fought The Seven Years War, or the cut and Indian War. During the war, Britain allowed the colonies to function mostly independently in a practice called salutary neglect. When the war was over, Great Britain seek to assume tighter figure of the colonies. However, a long power point of salutary neglect had changed the colonists thinking and way of life. afterwards the war, the colonies cute to govern themselves, wanted to keep their economy from being drained and restricted, and wanted their rights just as English citizens back in the homeland. After the war, the colonies wanted to continue in the political system they enjoyed during the period of salutary neglect. During the war, the colonies stayed close with their mother country as they fought the French and the Indians solely mainly governed themselves. The colonists were more than free to serve in the war with the British regulars.As the war progressed, the colonists realized they were not treated with the same(p) respect as British regulars (Doc C). They began to resent the British regulars but continued fighting because the threat of the French still loomed over them. After the war was over, the hand of the British government began squeezing the money prohibited of their economy with tax laws in which they had no say (Doc H). The colonists were not necessarily angry about the taxes but instead what it meant for their political freedoms.They were most outraged by the lack of representation in a fantan that saw them solely as a source of revenue (Doc F). Parliament was irritated that the colonies were not fashioning them enough revenue to pay the war debt and tried to regulate the economy by seizing control of the various colonial governments. The colonies were also forbidden to settle past t he Appalachian Mountains, a vast beat of land they had won in the war (Doc A). The colonies no longer needed protection from the French and wanted to govern themselves apart from the overbearing mother country.

Review of “Mass Man” by Derek Walcott

Mass Man by Derek Walcott, is a poem written in openhanded verse, that describes some aspects of playing smoke in a Caribbean setting while on the wholeuding to the biography behind the celebrations. In the poem Walcotts role is that of an observer. He is on the outside meticulously processing all that he witnesses while procuring it in his memory so that it can later be recorded for posterity. No expand is too inconsequential no action above scrutiny.As an observer of a custom whose history is tied(p) to the oppression of the people who created it, Walcott is not celebrating with his countrymen, rather, he is mocking that they celebrate their freedom by im functionting and imitating their reason oppressors. Walcotts very description of the things that he sees is t herefore derisive and laden with double meaning. In stanza ace(a) of the poem, Walcott is showing how black men, the ordinary descendants of buckle downs, are trying to imitate those who at a time enslaved them, via their mass tog outs. by dint of a great lions head bleary by mange / a black shop assistant growls. At first glance, it reads that a black man, who is a clerk, is wearing a tog out that is supposed to be the head of a great lion, but instead the costume looks haggard and diseased. Its symbolic representation however, is tied to the literal representation through the common history that unite both connotation.The black clerk represents the slaves that once inhabited the island, whereas the lions head denote their British oppressors. That the lions head is clouded by mange suggests the imperfection of the great British conquerors. Next, a gold-wired peacock withholds a man indicates that the costume is crush the man who occupies its space. Here Walcott continues with his allusion to slaves and slave owners. The slave owners, care the peacock were proud, believed themselves superior, and exercised control over the slaves, much like the costume is getting the better of the m an. Just like the costume withholds the masquerader, so too did the slave owners engagement everything within their power to suppress to the slaves. Slaves were separated from their kinsmen and divided into groups so that there were no common languages among them.Their nuance were stripped from them as they were not allowed to practice their religious beliefs, rituals or anything that connected them to who they were before they became the home of the slave owners. They were not even allowed to learn how to read and write. They were deliberate strategies to quell even the thought of riot and to keep them oppressed. Walcott, continues his comparison of the slave owners to a proud peacock with a fan, flaunting its oval, jewelled eyes. By challenge to the readers sense of sight, Walcott is able to present an image that parallels the false pride of the slave owners.Walcotts commits alliteration fan flaunting to place further emphasis on how supercilious the slave owners believe d themselves to be. They held their language, religion, education, customs and culture as something that should provoke the admiration of the slaves, as in their eyes those were the things that it made them superior. The personas puddleulation of what metaphors shows that he is not afraid of using his acuity on himself. Here the persona is mocking himself for having use such interesting metaphors in the preceding pulls. What coruscating, mincing fantasies continues his wry tone. In referring to how the men are misrepresent to be superior to what they really are, one can almost hear Walcotts terse vocals. Stanza dickens of the poem continues in the third person narrative mode, as the persona gives additional information found on his observations. The first line Hector Mannix, waterworks clerk, San Juan, has entered a lion simply informs the reader of the costume portrayal of one of the mass men. There is no concrete evidence that determines whether it is the same lion costume mentioned in the previous stanza.Next, Walcott uses a simile to compare Boysies gait while in his mass costume to that of Cleopatras Boysie, two golden mangoes bobbing for breastplates, barges / like Cleopatra down her river, making style. In those two lines, Walcott continues with his allusion to the slave masters attitude of superiority and self-importance. There is a subtle change in the fourth line of stanza two. While the undertone in the first half is reflective, the fourth line keeps us strictly in the present. The mass men call out to a child to join them in their celebration, then commented on the child not being able to dance in an offhanded manner.Symbolically, there appears to be a disconnection between the fourth line and the rest of stanza two, as the subsequent lines resumes the tone of the first triplet lines. entirely somewhere in that whirlwinds radiance / a child, rigged like a waver, collapses, shortness of breath tells of the inhumanity of older people to younger children both in the present situation of playing mass, and in the past where children were also forced into labour as slaves. The persona used alternating point of views, shimmy from third to first person and even second person narrative mode.While both stanza one and two is written in third person narrative mode, stanza three shifts to first person mode. But I am dancing, look, from an old gibbet / my bull-whipped body swings, a metronome is a metaphor that evokes an incredibly ardent image of slaves being hung. While Walcotts allusions to slavery in the previous stanzas were somewhat muted, with this metaphor, there is no dubiety about what he is referring to. It is a prodigious metaphor that compares the personas dancing form to the motion made by the bodies of slaves who were left swaying on the gibbet after they had been hung.The appeal to the readers visual and audile senses are graphic. One can see the scourged body of a slave who had been hung, tied to a post, swaying, tutelage time to some unheard rhythm that only his/her dead ears can hear. Walcotts tone here is very sardonic. Walcott used a simile (Like a fruit bat dropped in the silk-cottons shade / my mania, my mania is a terrible calm) to compare his madness to a fruit bat descending into the shade of a silk cotton tree. Like a fruit bat dropped in the silk-cottons shade is an image that relates to slavery in the West Indies.When Walcott says, my mania, my mania is a terrible calm he is being introspective. His repetition of my mania emphasizes the scope of his preoccupation with the past, while his use of the oxymoron terrible calm shows the learning of his rumination. The fourth and final stanza of the poem, like the previous stanza, utilizes a different narrative mode. In the fourth stanza, the persona through the use of your has employed the second-person narrative mode. In this stanza, the mass portrayals have finished. It is the morning after, when those who took part in the revelry seek penance.Upon your penitential morning, / ome skull must rub its memory with ashes conjures up images of priests rubbing ashes on the foreheads of those individuals who go far seeking atonement for the sins they committed while playing mass. Walcotts tone here is flippant, as if to urge at the idea that getting ashes on ones forehead means that one is so easily forgiven for sins that have become ritualistic. Walcott is referring to himself when he said, some mind must squat down shout in your dust, / some hand must crawl and recollect your rubbish, / someone must write your poems. It is incisively what he has been doing as an observer.He is saying that the same way in which someone has to clean up after the mass, so too, does he have a job to do. His job is to observe, remember and document all that he has witnessed for future generations. The poem Mass Man, though complex, was quite elementary in its symbolism. Walcotts use of mass as a facade to talk about the de eper affairs of slavery, while connecting both events, was skillfully done. His detachment from what was occurring around him, allowed him to see and interpret the mass portrayals in a way that someone who was personally invested in the celebrations would not.

Is Child Behavior Better or Worse Today Than It Was Years Ago Essay

Pargonnts determine the bearing of their children. If a put forward is willing to take the time and work at being consistent,children benefit. If you say no,it must imagineno. It may mean that as a parent, you must get off that sofa and physically STOP a child from misbehaving even requiring the child to remain in a time break location for inappropriate behavior. Parents who try to discipline their children by secure telling them to stop a behavior, are not teaching the children respect authority, nor are they protagonisting the child to become a responsible adult.Having give tongue to that, there seems to be a greater number of parents who are unwilling to spend the time and causal agency necessary to properly teach their children how to behave, resulting in a greater number of children who miss behave. Family life compared to a hundred days ago is on the decline. Everyone moves at a fast pace these days. My Father and fix are working to maintain the home, while my sisters and my brother are left to their own devices and there isnt a coming together to sit down and communicate on some level.There moreover doesnt seem to be enough time in the day. Technology has progress so overmuch compared to a hundred years ago, that we are well on our way to fuel less cars and robotic companions. Yet, with advanced technology comes the added responsibilities to maintain and seek out other avenues for even far move advanced technologies to help support the life styles we have come accustomed to. Is this then dampen than before when we were thankful just to have light and running water in the ho utilize? Education is by far better nowadays than a hundred years agoThe fields of learning have been opened up to boys and girls equally to seek out far greater possibilities than were even imaginable a hundred years ago. Yet, with this privilege of learning has came a decline in our tuition system. The lack of adequate teachers, the high grow in disrespect for autho rity, just the lack of caring whether you learn or not has affected our education system. A hundred years ago the thought of a higher education was just a dream for almost. If you acquired a fifth grade reading level you were doing good.Learning was a privilege, and yet today we cast an education almost as if it were an article of clothing. While there has been such great strides in our would today compared to a hundred years ago, we have missed out on the carefree, thankfulness, and appreciation of the things and others around us. We take for granted what we hoped to have or even imagined we could have years ago. But now in this generation child behavior is much worse than it was years ago. Disrespect for authority figures. The fault lies with the parents to be sure.We are told to cater to our childrens emotional needs and that coperal puminshment is bad for them. Children require constant training, patience and love most of todays parents are too busy or selfish to make this ki nd of investment. If children are allowed to control and hedge their parents as in the description above, the parent will be helpless to teach that child anything. Oh I agree its worse. This is a prime example of a child rearing gone wrong and the pathetic thing is its all too common these days. Children are not raised to respect anything or anyone, and they suffer no consequences.If these children are our future, we are in trouble. -Beating Death Structure-setting a strong foundation for a successful future. any expert will tell you that every child needs structure to flourish- in particular adolescents. As parents today we face an even greater challenge because of working parents, more activities and mobility of kids and teens, communication devices and networking websites. The subprogram of the Parent Teen /Child Behavior contracts is to crap a structure that eliminates gray areas, creates new habits, and helps create a peaceful home with more contentment and less chaos.Pare nt Contracts behavior charts and behavior contracts were conception for parents with children or teens who need a little guidance with rules, respect,and boundaries. We created the parent child contracts in an easy to use format and anyone can download the file to a MAC or PC computer. The parent teen agreements can be printed and filled out easily. The parent contract elements are displayed on different pages so you can use any parent child agreement youd like or cerebrovascular accident away a certain behavior contract that dont need to be utilize in your home with your youth.The teen /child behavior contracts were developed by troubled teen sedulousness experts. This included professionals who have worked with defiant youth and used successful behavior modifacation tools including their own teen behavior contracts (home contracts). As we have updated the behavior charts and behavior contract templates we have consulted with some of the most experiences parent coaches and lic ense and therapist to create the best parent teen child contracts.

My Field of Study

HIT My issue Of Study Shealyn Richardson COLL-148 August 11, 2012 Professor Jo Anne Boliver I. Introduction A. My paper is about wellness Information Technology, and the affects it has on our wellness alimony system. B. David Blumenthal MD MPP was picked by the Obama administration in 2009-2011 to help lead and coordinate the implantation of Health Information Technology. C. Health Information Technology is a vital asset in our wellness care system. HIT sole purpose is to improve health care quality, prevents medical errors, reduce health care cost, decrease paperwork, and expand access to affordable health care.D. My main idea I wanted to dodging was, that Health Information Technology has become one of the main sources in keeping down health care cost. II. My field of study is Health Information Technology A. I chose this field of study because our health care system is too expensive. I am so lucky to get free health care because my husband is in the military, and this field is my carriage of helping people save money, Americans shouldnt go broke because you get sick. B. Graduation completion for me will be July 2014 III. The leader I chose was Dr.David Blumenthal A. I chose David Blumenthal because he led the nationwide effort to build a cost saving system for the American people. B. Dr. Blumenthal witnessed firsthand the importance of Health Information Technology. In the 1970s he worked with Senator Edward Kennedy, and the fact that he work with the advanced Teddy Kennedy lets me know he cares about the cost of health care. IV. Characteristics of an effective leader in my legal opinion would have to be a good listener, problem solver, never scared to ask question, and is always motivated.A. The way I would define an effective leader is by how his or her do collogues feel about them, is they compassionate, do they communicate well, and is they a good listener. B. Dr. Blumenthal demonstrates plenty of positive leadership skills as he stated in Healt h Leaders Magazine. First you create the motivation to be interested in improving finish. What I took from that quote was that Dr. Blumenthal is a problem solver, a good listener, and like to motivate his collogues.

IT Outsourcing Essay

Todays market place continues to shrink out-of-pocket to computer technologies and communication being at the speed of light. This makes the present of doing product line on a large scale not only realistic just expect. An placement needs implementation of outsource strategy to happen on every level within the bon ton structure in order to function. M whatever factors contribute to a associations mastery or failure. Company is defined by more than just its product or service and the price at which this product or service is sold in the market place.An effective organization has much expertness in its favor to remain competitive. Factors such as flexibility, creativity, openness to use of engineering and innovations, communication crosswise the organization and talented employees atomic number 18 a moldiness for competitive prefer. It is an organizations ability to rig to ever-changing times that effects a foundation for the public to admire. How an organization contin ues to reflect such a picture is spotlessly contingent on so more factors but really it comes down to vision and action. fairness is crucial.Upholding the companys value establishment and word to the public remains a key scene for success. Building any strategy or campaign on this premise presents the trump possible and squ are corporate image to the public and allows for a great amount of practice to variety show. Building character and trust is very important within the financial world but withal the retail forum of wellness products because there has been a backlash imputable to corporate lack of governance and s domiciliatedal but excessively telecommunications is much wish well a double-edged sword. With the wrong image, comes poor press and lack of a scratch line impression.It can make or break the situation. In this respect, outsourcing can be a complex game. In order to intermit go steady customers, it is important one understands how marketing works. This me ans not only having cognition of traditional method actings but also knowing the fundamentals of e-marketing and e- craft. Todays earnings is a gratification for human ingenuity and spontaneous order. In some parts it embodies leading edge technology alike Asynchronous Transfer Mode but really it is the use of natural technologies combined with older ones that makes the inter elucidate so fascinating and vital to occupation.Specifically the network ends distance limitations and it empowers various(prenominal)s in important new shipway to create new enterprise (Gasman, 2005, p. 2). The Internet is relatively vast in its freedom. Unlike the traditional telephone, the Internet is not charged by the mile or any distance. This brings people together. Retailers see the Internet as a marketing tool they can use to target a smaller, regional niche market. i must understand it is in the best interests of companies to make the e-retailing transitions because of the fact that most sh opping now happens online.This is due to the increase in e-commerce and instant need for convenience. E-commerce makes purchasing easier and hot. It fits into the lifestyle of todays 24/7 world where people do not have the time to shop at the mall or pay bills by writing out checks. Statement of the Problem The subject of IT outsourcing and e- ancestry strategy in chinas pharmaceutical industry, its frameworks, convenience and also problems or implications were assessed in this look into. As a result of this study, this seek presented preliminary findings related to IT outsourcing in China.This leads us to looking at how e-strategy and use of the Internet to facilitate outsourcing has created a whole industry of service for the consumer or in some other words, e-services. This required a look at different models to assess strategy and analysis a companys role in the market. calculate of the Study The boilersuit purpose of this paper and study is to investigate the role of IT o utsourcing within a Chinese drug company. This lead to further study of its use within the health industry in China.As growing richness in an organizations competitive advantage and globalisation makes an Internet movement an chance, the right marketing strategy becomes all the more important in a company overall strategy but it also equals power. An organization needs careful research prior to investment but also needs to strategize and ponder if the consumer is worth the profit. This paper will look at how a proactive strategic analysis allows an organization knowledge of the market in order to build a indestructible presence and customer relationships.This paper will also explore the implications of outsourcing. Review of Related Literature discipline Technology is a powerful means that helps organizations meet the challenges of a competitive market environment and neuter the firms to stay ahead of the competition. The study revolution is exerting substantial effects on the structure and functions of organizations. From the beginning of the computer science era various studies have been do that predicted several positive effects ensuing from the implementation of information technology (IT) (Cash & Konsynski, 1986).Many cases have been published, as well as articles in the professional press, which predicted a net increase in business results of companies that invested more in IT (Buday, 1986). However, during the little more than 10 historic period of this research line, contradictory results have been found From the 1970s to 1980s, those companies that invested more in IT suffered a relative setback in the work factor productivity indexes. This paper will discuss the relationship among IT and competitive advantage in following content.We believe that IT is necessary to improve competitive position of the organization. Many business professionals backsheesh to the use and deployment of IT as a point of weakness, not a point of strength in th eir organizations. They recall that the reason for this is often that IT is being driven from a technical perspective, not from a business perspective. This phenomenon exists because many businesspeople think that the IT is too complicated, too expensive, too risky and too changeable. They would not like to dismiss time on understanding the complex information technology management.Most businesspeople only understand how specific technologies affect their ability to do their specific jobs. Poorly understand IT initiatives often end in failure. The previous literatures reveal that IT brings huge rival on careers and information technology has pushed many jobs such as IT has replaced human labor and many organizations no longer pay people to simply oversee others and pass along information. The business benefits that are derived from the strategic use of technology are significant, but they are accompanied by risks that must be addressed.The failure to address IT vulnerabilities within their own organizations and throughout the translate twine can have devastating consequences for business operations. China and Outsourcing To this day, the country of China remains an enigma, insulate from the Western world and shrouded in mystery conceptualized by the Communist Red. Its culture both ancient and red-brick fascinates one on many levels mainly because it is so completely foreign. Aspects of their way of life, customs and lifestyle elements reflect the Communist doctrines and the absence of pure freedom seems sad to Westerners. quiet down slowly China is opening its doors to the West. on that point is a changing tide, a force at work. It is the advent of globalization, mass communication and new technologies that changed the atm of China. The world is forever shrinking due to the marketplace is growing at the speed of light and commerce taking place over new mediums. This makes possibility happen. People from every nation have yearned to enroll in this explosion. The Chinese have been no exception. They have reached a point in their history where they must not only hold on to their cultural identity but also embrace change from outside.This has been the only way to take advantage of globalization and create a new persona for China. Still the seed of change had to grow from somewhere. This transformation did not happen over night. It can be operose and frustrating for one to understand yet try to respect. It is out of understanding what one fears that one can be a catalyst for change. Only then can the barriers come down. Much of the emergence of globalization can be attributed to the world economy. China has made steps of change within recent years and as a result found itself at the forefront of economic explosion.At this time the Chinese economy is growing at the rate of ten percent a year, faster than any other country in the world (Richardson, 2005, p. 1). As a result, the region of the Pacific Rim and more specifically South East Asia is considered an emerging market, one that many international corporations are centreed on gaining a competitive advantage. This industry of health food and vitamins is no exception. Due to vast changes in available technologies, it is expected and imperative that all companies have an Internet presence or utilize a global e-strategy that relates their business practices to evolve into e-commerce.Two Models This project utilizes two models to analyze IT outsourcing. The models are as follows (1) Kurt Lewins Force flying field Analysis theory and (2) SWOT. These two models and others like them assist management and strategists in understanding a companys standing within the market place. By assessing a companys strengths and weaknesses or forces at work within a market or organization, one can have a better idea of which areas need attention.Force Field Analysis TheoryField theories really took the basic form of the fluid mechanics developed in the eighteenth century, i n which equations linked a flow or potential for transmitted force to spatial coordinates, but applied this form to situations where no fluid could be found fonts are motion induced by gravity, electricity, or magnetism. I will follow ecumenic use and employ the term field theory to denote only those theories that do not involve a clearly existent substantial medium. Lewins field theory depicts a method for analyzing causative relations and of building scientific constructs (p. 01) on several psycho accessible concepts involving human actions, emotions, and personality.These psychosocial concepts include human frustration, levels of aspiration, marginality, punishment and reward, and social identity. Lewins field theory is built on two constructs (a) human behavior is derived from a combine of mutually interdependent co-existing facts in the life space of psyches, and (b) these coexisting facts have the characteristics of a dynamic field, because any part of the field depends on every other part of the field (p. 87). Using the analogy of shape space in physics, which represents a multitude of factors that might influence events in open systems, Lewin articulated the importance of psychological space in real life. Lewin reasoned that an individuals life space, including ones personal characteristics and environmental influences, is an inherent part of the individuals total situationmomentary and public life situation as perceived by the individual.He argued that the total situations or fields are more important in studying group behavior because at any given time, individual human behavior, is not only derived from, but is also likely to change, due to the individuals intuition of current situations based on their past cultural orientation, race, status, and experience. To account for such complexities and interdependence of the internal and outside(a) factors affecting individuals, Lewin advocated a middle course.By applying these field theory princi ples to groups in given situations, Lewin observed that it is possible to glean general patterns, underlying relationships, and structural characteristics that can be transposed to other real-world situations. As an example of the field theory principle, Lewin (1997c) advocated the use of a psychological approach to understanding fields that influence individuals and celebrated that a teacher can never succeed in giving proper guidance to a student if she or he does not learn to understand the psychological world in which that individual student lived.This objective description in psychology actually means describing a situation in its totalitya sum total of facts which makes up that individual. SWOT Assessment It is important to determine the impact a strategy will have on the operations and activities of an organization. The objective is to utilize present technologies and coming(prenominal) innovations to plan the future of a company. It is important to allow a flexible framewo rk for strategy to move within the environment.Further the objective is to gain understanding of the surroundings and behaviors under which they are operating. The key is to create an excellent strategy in which to include within the organizational culture. It is best management remains aware of potential challenges and SWOT allows for clarity. IT Infrastructure and the Practice of Outsourcing As the act of doing business becomes more innovative due to new technologies and high levels of communication, it is surprising that doing business become more complicated and expensive.Is it the factor of elevated expectation and competition from global markets, it is a lack of understanding your own formation and its cores? Angelo Mozilo believes that outsourcing creates room for improved focus upon core values and it is with the implementation of high speed communication and data systems that enables people to better interact with each other (2002, par. 3). It allows for context to be pr ocessed outside the core, only to return when needed. Outsourcing is much like a double-edged sword, it can be seen as a negative as much as a positive.Many believe that it is stealing from American jobs to use cheaper labour sources in countries like India. timothy Smith surmises that outsourcing has three functions in making organisations more efficient, effective and reduces costs. Outsourcing enables organisations to reallocate resources (Smith 2001, par. 3). This in turn allows the organisation to spend less time on those tasks, saves it money in labour and location by changing focus from survival to enhancing competitive advantage. An organisation can only do this when it becomes people foc utilise.Truly what IT outsourcing does for the business to supplier to the customer relationship is create a new business process that isolates pieces of IT by restructuring the entire segment of the customers business. This includes value added improvements in the organisational logic of p rocesses, implementation of best-in-class technology, extensive management and employee training as well as adoption of best practices in the vendors field of experience. This whitethorn sound like a lot of both monetary and human resource investment but over the long run such implementation will allow the organisation to focus on core rather than context.It goes to show what many successful CEOs would say, dont sweat the small extort and this motto will take you to the next level of continual learning and success. Exporting organisations are also seeking ways to lower costs while increasing customer service. A relatively new approach is lend chain management (SCM). Supply chain management differs from traditional materials and manufacturing control in several ways (Burn & Hackney, 2003). First, SCM views the supply chain as a single process. Second, SCM requires strategic decision-making due to its impact on overall costs and market share.Third, supply chain management regards in ventories as a tool of last resort. Finally, it requires an mix ind approach to systems. Integration results in reduced inventory and significant cost benefits (Trunick, 2005). The success of SCM usually involves implementation of an information management system. Still the model is evolving to include new innovations being used as tools. The Amorphous type of chain changes as the company introduces new strategies. This type of model best reflects the continuous flow of ideas and possibilities within the e-commerce construct or Internet medium specifically.It helps anticipate future occurrences. This support a companys tracking of Internet use especially when applied to advertising and promotions, as it is known the number of businesses utilising the Internet for e-business purposes was significantly low at 28% though an further 33% were actively considering the implementation (Ritchie & Brindley, 2002, p. 2). The function of procurement within the logistics process is moving to a new scan of sophistication due to new technologies to make the job simpler. Much of it is moving to the platform of the Internet to tap efficiency and productivity.E-Procurement is now moving from easy-to-automate tasks like invoicing generations to more complex concerns such a E-marketplace implementation, operation and electronic collaboration. Literature suggests that currently focus in on technologies that support E-procurement of direct goods that are mission critical. similarly because raw materials that go into production of the finished product many account for 80 percent of a companys expenses, the saving derived from implementing E-procurement is compelling (Thierauf & Hoctor 2003, p. 250).In other words, E-procurement technology offers lower purchase prices to faster fulfilment cycles as well as lower administrative overhead to better control. As a result, companies realise broad, measurable benefits from the implementation of E-procurement. Companies stand to gain e ven more impressive results from coming generations of the technology that includes connecting to trading exchange with their own industries. This also enables a customer better informed purchases as a company learns to manage production on a daily basis. This means the capability for the supply chain to extend beyond customers and suppliers improves.This also improves the ability for the company to communicate with the customer and the supplier. This leads to new ideas and knowledge some the process as companies and suppliers work in a join environment. Sometimes organisations look to outsourcing inventory as a way to cut costs and speed up the process. GHL will find that by utilise the Internet as e-strategy that they can achieve multitasking on new levels, allowing for many lines of communication as once. The Internet will allow GHL to tap into a bigger supply base to ensure dependable supply and backup sources.This in turn will reduce the amount it takes to secure shipment of new products. initiative Resource Planning (ERP) systems are particularly valuable in new product introduction because it acts as a means of sharing information. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems are software packages that attempt to integrate the information flow within a company, solving the problem of incompatibility between systems and operating practices. The ERP system will streamline the GHLs data flows and provide management with direct access to a wealthiness of real-time information.This is facilitated by the used of database technologies which will link applications together and pass relevant data between them as necessary. Any new information added to one of the system updates the other systems automatically, thus creating complete desegregation between them (Soh, 2002 and Grandt, 2005). Directory services and middle ware are used in order to connect the applications and provide an infrastructure for users to communicate with each other and connect to the sou rces of information. There are many benefits and drawbacks to using this method of data transportation.It is important to analyse rather not this will be good fit for a company like GHL. A key difficulty is that departments distrust the information provided by another department, be it via an information system or some other mechanism. Therefore checking and cleaning the data should be made an integral part of the implementation (Bonner, 2002, par. 5). If ERP is integrated with the organisations decision-making structure, ERP can begin to deliver business benefits, impacting data delivery levels. Still its success can only be measured by the spatial relation of the user.